Thursday, August 27, 2020

The Issue of Performance Measurement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Issue of Performance Measurement - Essay Example This paper tries to address the issue of estimation inside the setting of SWOT, PESTEL and Porter’s Five Forces Analysis because of Jengo Limited. The paper further enlightens on how planning would profit Jengo Ltd’s in arranging and controlling its stock, enlistment, and money the board exercises. At long last, it zeroes on how a fair scorecard way to deal with estimating execution would profit this organization. SWOT investigation Broadly, SWOT examination is utilized to assess and help in venture definition and vital plans (Bohm 2008, p. 3). Much the same as Bohm takes note of, a SWOT examination ought to be utilized in mapping out an organization’s Strengths and Weaknesses of the items and benefits and evaluate the degree to which they are pair and how they might be improved. Past this, SWOT examination is utilized to think about the Opportunities and Threats uncovered by data collected for the most part through assessment of the outer condition and through s imilar investigations (Bohm 2008, p. 3, Habour 1997, p. 38). POSITIVE NEGATIVE INTERNAL Strengths 1. Monetarily solid with great overall revenues 2. A built up name among clients 3. Offers snappy current administrations 4. Starts Brand methodologies 5. Numerous circulation channels 6. offers dependable, stylish garments by an assortment of set up originators 7. Sound administration Weaknesses 1. Hardly any branches over the United Kingdom 2. Lack of common sense as far as staffing and preparing 3. Incorporation of tasks overall 4. Significant expenses 5. No item separation 6. Lack of common sense in planning and documentation EXTERNAL Opportunities 1. Developing Markets in different pieces of the United Kingdom and somewhere else 2. Various intrigued organizations to be investors including palisade Plc 3. Can utilize e-showcasing technique to additionally upgrade advertise base 4. Backing from Palisade Plc Threats 1. Hardened Competition from other garments business suppliers in the United Kingdom 2. Rivalry from comparable Business offering similar administrations at less expensive costs 3. Government Regulation â€business overregulated Porters Five Forces Analysis of Jengo This system was created by Michael Porter. The instrument basically empowers organizations to manage dynamic markets, measure serious ground and settle on choices with respect to entering objective markets effectively (Friedman 1999, p. 5, Hoffman 2001). Further, it empowers in recognizing accomplice just as suggestions that joint endeavors may present (Bradford and Duncan 1999). This is finished by assessing the accompanying five key regions as embraced by Porter: New Entrants: right now for Jengo, there appear to be numerous potential organizations that might need to wander into apparel, style, and structure business. Buyer’s Power: The purchasers that Jengo needs to appear to be strong. In any case, they appear to grumble about costs. Options ought to be given since they may m ove their unwaveringness. Substitute Products and Services: Certainly, there are options in contrast to what Jango does and this may welcome givers to look somewhere else. Intensity of Suppliers: The providers for Jengo are not many and this implies they decide an incredible arrangement particularly in system definition inside the organization. Current Competition: Competition exists as there are numerous organizations who offer similar items even at lower costs.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Automotive Fuels In The Domestic Market Of Australia †Free Samples

Question: Talk about the Automotive Fuels In The Domestic Market Of Australia. Answer: Undertaking Goals The Australian storeroom gives gracefully of car powers in the residential market of Australia. The objective of this venture is to fix three tanks of the Australian site without influencing the typical activity related with the gracefully of the oil. The state of the tanks is basic and thusly, practically 30% of the companys unleaded petroleum stockpiling limit is verging on breakdown. The venture work is arranged so as to not end the ordinary activity of the tanks. The occupying time of the tanks is extraordinary and thusly, the undertaking works ought to be executed so that if tank 1 is occupying at once, the colleagues will use that opportunity to take a shot at Tank 2 and Tank 3. The undertaking progress will be estimated by appropriate oversight of the equivalent. The undertaking objectives are as per the following (Schwalbe 2015)- Fixing the three tanks; tank 1 needs 4 steel patches and 4 steel stays, tank 2 needs 7 steel patches and 4 steel grapples, while the third one needs 6 steel patches and 4 steel stays. Substitution of fundamental flexibly valve in tank 3 Cleaning and repainting all the tanks. Venture Scope Degree Statement The venture targets fixing the three tanks so as to forestall the breakdown of 30% of companys unleaded petroleum because of basic state of the tanks. The fixing works that are should have been performed on the tanks are distinguished and the task works is to be arranged so as to not hamper the typical activity of the tanks (Walker, 2015). Different spillages have been identified because of which there is an enormous effect on the earth and encompassing soil. Thusly, the fix works are to be finished as quickly as time permits. The Site is triangular fit as a fiddle and is on rise, which in this way requires crane for getting to it. Thusly, appropriate safeguards are expected to access and actualize the fix chips away at site. The venture extent of the undertaking is recognized in the wake of understanding the task necessities and the requirement for venture execution. Task degree is a vital piece of undertaking arranging and includes assurance and documentation of the venture objectives, expectations and the cutoff time of the task. The extent of the venture is in this way distinguished remembering every one of these focuses. Partners Involved The partners related with this venture are as per the following (Eskerod Vaagaasar, 2014)- Venture Manager-The task supervisor assumes a significant job in venture arranging and execution of an undertaking and has a high contribution and high significance in legitimate task usage (Kerzner, 2017). Western Australian Storage office It is a significant partner related with a venture as effective execution of the undertaking is important to forestall the exhaustion of the consumption of the 30% of the companys unleaded petroleum stockpiling limit in Western Australia. The income division of the Company-The income division of the organization is another partner related with the undertaking and has built up the business case for executing the fixing works for the fuel tanks so the harms in nature is diminished. The income division of the organization in spite of the fact that doesn't have a high impact in the venture, the partner has an expanding enthusiasm for the effective usage of the extend and thusly can be considered as a significant task partner (Eskerod Huemann, 2016). The Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) - It is another noteworthy partner of the task to be executed. The partner has a high enthusiasm for the task as the basic state of the tank is inferring an enormous scope negative impact on the earth. Consequently, this partner has a high enthusiasm for the venture. Undertaking Team individuals Project colleagues are significant partner of a venture also. The colleagues guarantee that the venture is actualized by the arrangement and assumes a tremendous job in effective task execution (Kerzner, 2017). The undertaking colleagues anyway have less impact in a task. Laborers and Workers and workers are basic partners of the task and are liable for all the fixing, cleaning and painting works. This partner has less effect on the undertaking. Key Deliverables The key expectations of the undertaking are as per the following- Fitting the steel fixes and steel grapples on all the three tanks. Supplanting the flexibly valve of the third tank Cleaning and repainting all the tanks on their outside surface. Acknowledgment Criteria The acknowledgment standards of the undertaking are as per the following (Lech, 2013)- The spillage in the tank is redressed The cleaning and repainting of the tank is appropriately performed The undertaking execution didn't hamper the typical activity of the tanks (Heagney, 2016) The undertaking is finished inside the set timetable of the venture with the designated assets. The Overall Process of the Project Task Process, Lifecycle and Methodology The task lifecycle comprises of four significant stages, venture inception, arranging, execution and undertaking conclusion. This undertaking will actualize a PRINCE2 approach or strategy for an arranged venture execution (Larson Gray, 2013). Legitimate arranging of the venture is basic as the undertaking is very perplexing and the time allotment is choked also. The PRINCE2 venture approach is picked for this undertaking as it is fundamental to actualize the equivalent in a controlled situation. PRINCE2 guarantees ideal arrangement of the assets with the goal that the undertaking can be executed in a set calendar (Saad, Dong Wan, 2015). This procedure boosts the productivity of the undertaking too. The various factors of the PRINCE2 venture technique incorporate costs, quality, dangers, extension and timescale of the undertaking. With the assistance of the PRINCE2 venture approach, it is conceivable to screen the practicality of an undertaking. It amplifies the productivity of the pr ocedure wherein the undertaking is actualized. High exactness of venture execution is required as one of the significant prerequisites of the undertaking is that the typical activity of the tanks ought not be hampered while actualizing the task. Since the venture will be following an arranged methodology, checking the undertaking will be much simpler. An undertaking director is required for the venture for observing the task progress. The administrator will report the task progress to the undertaking supervisor. A correspondence plan is to be produced for the task for appropriate data stream among the undertaking colleagues. Appropriate task management is vital for observing the venture progress and it is an undertaking control technique a well. Since the time taken for filling each tank is extraordinary, it is fundamental to compute and design the venture work in such a way, that it doesn't correspond with the occupying time of the tanks. Achievement Criteria The achievement models for the venture are as per the following (McLeod, Doolin MacDonell, 2012)- The venture is executed by the undertaking plan. The venture has experienced exhaustive oversight in its usage stage. The undertaking is actualized inside the set timetable. The spillage issue and its comparing dangers are moderated. The venture will be a triumph if breakdown of the 30% of the unleaded petroleum limit can be forestalled. Fruitful culmination of the undertaking is important to decrease the evil impacts of oil spillage in nature. References Eskerod, P., Huemann, M. 2016. Reexamine! Undertaking partner management.Project Management Institute. Eskerod, P., Vaagaasar, A. L. 2014. Partner the executives techniques and works on during an undertaking course.Project Management Journal,45(5), 71-85. Heagney, J. 2016. Essentials of task the executives. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Kerzner, H. 2017.Project administration measurements, KPIs, and dashboards: a manual for estimating and observing undertaking execution. John Wiley Sons. Kerzner, H., Kerzner, H. R. 2017. Undertaking the board: a frameworks way to deal with arranging, booking, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Larson, E. W., Gray, C. 2013.Project administration: The administrative procedure with MS venture. McGraw-Hill. Lech, P. 2013. Time, financial plan, and functionality?IT venture achievement rules revised.Information Systems Management,30(3), 263-275. McLeod, L., Doolin, B., MacDonell, S. G. 2012. A perspective?based comprehension of task success.Project Management Journal,43(5), 68-86. Saad, R. G., Dong, H., Wan, J. 2015. Components of undertaking chief success.Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management,10, 63-80. Schwalbe, K. 2015.Information innovation venture the board. Cengage Learning. Walker, A. 2015. Venture the executives in development. John Wiley Sons.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Blog Archive September 23 Write Like an Expert Northwestern Kellogg

Blog Archive September 23 Write Like an Expert Northwestern Kellogg On Thursday, September 23, join mbaMission as we break down each essay question for Northwestern Universitys Kellogg Graduate School of Management to help you create your own story, as part of Beat the GMATs Free Write Like an Expert Series. The schedule is as follows: 10:00 AM 10:30 AM PST: Breaking down Kelloggs essay topics Briefly assess your career progress to date. Elaborate on your future career plans and your motivation for pursuing an MBA. (600-word limit) Describe your key leadership experiences and evaluate what leadership areas you hope to develop through your MBA experiences (600-word limit). Assume you are evaluating your application from the perspective of a student member of the Kellogg Admissions Committee. Why would you and your peers select you for admission, and what impact would you make as a member of the Kellogg community? (600-word limit). Complete one of the following three questions or statements. (400-word limit) Reapplicants have the option to answer a question from this grouping, but this is not required. Describe an instance where you encountered resistance in a professional team setting. How did you address the situation? People may be surprised to learn that I… The best mistake I ever made was 10:30 AM 11:00 AM PST: QA To register for this session, visit Beat the GMAT. Share ThisTweet mbaMission Events Northwestern University (Kellogg)

Monday, May 25, 2020

Imperialism And Its Impact On The Domestic Institutions Of...

Imperialism, when one country dominates another for its own benefit, is an expansion policy that has reigned for centuries. Over time, imperialism has drastically changed in its magnitude and severity. At the turn of the nineteenth century, a â€Å"new,† more aggressive and competitive form of imperialism emerged and completely dismantled the domestic institutions of various developing countries. Africa in the nineteenth century is a prime example of the â€Å"new† imperialism in effect. How was Africa affected by imperialism? Who imperialized Africa? What caused African imperialism? How did the international environment affect the domestic institutions of Africa? Imperialism drastically changed the political, economic, social, and cultural landscape of Africa indefinitely. Europeans built various forms of infrastructure and implemented several technological advancements in Africa in order to expand the economy. Additionally, many Africans lost their sense of self ident ity as a result of the Western culture that the Europeans imposed upon them. Lastly, Africans lost control of their lands and their independence due to European imperialism. There are three main reasons why the Europeans imperialized Africa: 1) political competition, 2) cultural motives, and 3) economic interests. Numerous historians have tactically labeled the two different time periods when imperialism occurred with the terms â€Å"old† and â€Å"new.† Historians created these labels because at the turn of the nineteenthShow MoreRelatedPolitical And Economic Colonialism Legacy948 Words   |  4 Pagescontinents across oceans. Since then, European countries conquered large extensions of lands and established trading systems for developing their empires and colonizing this new world. By the 19th century, the scramble for Africa, led by western imperialism, caused 90 percent of Africa continent was under European control (Baker, 2014). When those European countries we re benefited from colonialism, the colonies were experienced a suffering era by over exploitation. The famous triangular trade, a tradingRead MoreBy Outlining the Current Global Political Economy, Discuss to What Extent the Current Global Political Economy Undermines National Development in the South.4509 Words   |  19 PagesAND DEFINITION OF TERMS 03 INTRODUCTION 04 HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION 05 †¢ THE CURRENT GLOBAL POLITICAL ECONOMY 06 IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON THE NATIONAL DEVELOPEMENT IN THE SOUTH 07 †¢ IMPERIALISM AND GLOBALIZATION 08 †¢ SOCIAL AND CULTURAL IMPACT 07 †¢ POLITICAL AND ECONOMICAL IMPACT 07 CONCLUSION 09 BIBLIOGRAPHY 10 EXPLANATION AND DEFINITION OF TERMS Political Economy Read MoreImperialism, Imperial Policies and Global/ Regional Status Quo and Its Development Response After Terrorist Attacks of 9/113668 Words   |  15 Pagesquo in areas such as North Africa, the Middle East and South Asia. According to Morgenthau, domestic and international politics have three standard patterns of policies. A policy that seeks to keep and maintain power- which is referred to as status quo, a policy to increase power- which is referred to as imperialism, and a policy to demonstrate power- also referred to as a policy of prestige. In this essay, focus will be on the two policies of ‘status quo’ and ‘imperialism’. A nation that is seekingRead MoreThe Trans Pacific Partnership1549 Words   |  7 Pagesto consumers. International trades increases the amount of goods that domestic consumers can choose from, which is why many nations apply tariffs. Tariffs are used for protecting domestic employment, protecting consumers, infant industries, national security and retaliation. The benefits of tariffs are uneven. Since a tariff is a tax, the government will see increase revenue as imports enter the domestic market (Velk, T). Domestic industries also benefit from a reduction in competition, since importRead MoreThe Principles Of Debt Alleviation, Fair Trade Policies, And Economic Inequality1734 Words   |  7 PagesIn terms of world impact, no ideology has irreparably shaped the course of history like neoliberalism. Its core tenets of free markets would inform the policies imposed on developing nations. The assumption among particularly Western nations would be that developing nations would need to advance to become modern capitalistic societies just like them. However, the efforts to reach that ideal would lead to more harm than good. Neoliberalism has resulted in heavy debt for developing nations, unequitableRead MoreComparison Of Old World Imperialism And Globalization2577 Words   |  11 PagesWhat does a comparison of old-world Imperialism and Globalization reveal about the two systems? â€Å"In Globalization 1.0, which began around 1492, the world went from size large to size medium. In Globalization 2.0, 1800-2000, the era that introduced us to multinational companies, it went from size medium to size small. And then around 2000 came Globalization 3.0, in which the world went from being small to tiny.† This quote by Friedman reflects the widely held view- that contemporary globalizationRead MoreThe Trans Atlantic Slave Trade2824 Words   |  12 Pagesfor independence, Africa was exploited as a continent. The natural as well as the human resources were taken with no returns. This great pillage led to a complete halt of trade in Africa. Trade implies an exchange, yet the human resources were taken as slaves and the former colonial masters took the natural and mineral resources without the consent of Africans through imperialism. By the 1950s, several trade agreements were made to address the results of the pillage of Africa. Two Yaoundà © agreementsRead More New Economic Imperialism Essay example4919 Words   |  20 PagesNew Economic Imperialism Those in power define national interests as the preservation of the existing set of economic, social, and political relationships. Therefore, the national interest of the supranational capitalist society is the interests of the upper class, allied throughout the globe. The United States capitalist class has proposed to preserve and extend U.S. capitalism by a policy of empire building to satisfy the need for large export markets that could supply cheap inputsRead More Ronald Takakis Iron Cages: Race and Culture in 19th-Century America1674 Words   |  7 Pagesrace to leprosy. Rush stressed the avoidance of interracial relations due to the infectious nature of the disease, but added that medicine enabled an eventual cure: The Negros skin could thus be restored to its healthy whiteness. Takaki notes the impact of Dr. Rushs paper, stating that, Ever since theseventeenth century, a need to explain the Negros black skin had existed in white America. With Rushs explanation ca me social acceptance of the unnatural, inferior color and necessary separationRead MoreThe West African Nation of Ghana2488 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"This mid-twentieth century is Africa’s. This decade is the decade of African independence. Forward then, to independence. To independence now. Tomorrow, the united states of Africa.† It was with these words that Kwame Nkrumah concluded his speech at the opening ceremony of the All-African People’s conference in 1958. It was one of the first Pan-African congresses to be held in the continent, in an independent African nation and with a number of African freedom fighters-an achievement that Nkrumah

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Proposed Amendments to the U.S. Constitution

Any member of Congress or state legislature can propose amendments to the U.S. Constitution. Since 1787, more than 10,000 amendments have been proposed. These proposals range from banning the desecration of the American flag to balancing the  federal budget to altering the Electoral College. Key Takeaways: ​Proposed Amendments Since 1787, more than 10,000 constitutional amendments have been proposed by members of Congress and state legislatures.  Most proposed amendments are never ratified.  Some of the most commonly proposed amendments relate to the federal budget, the freedom of speech, and congressional term limits.   The Amendment Proposal Process Members of Congress propose an average of nearly 40 constitutional amendments every year.  However, most amendments  are never ratified or even passed by the House or Senate. In fact, the Constitution has been amended only 27 times in history. The last time a proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified was 1992 when the 27th Amendment preventing Congress from giving itself immediate pay raises was cleared by the states. The process of amending the Constitution in this particular case took more than two centuries, illustrating the difficulty and reluctance among elected officials and the public to changing a document that is so revered and cherished. For an amendment to be considered, it must receive  a two-thirds majority vote in both the House and Senate or be called for at a constitutional convention voted on by two-thirds of state legislatures. Once an amendment is  proposed, it must be ratified by at least three-fourths of the states to be added to the constitution. Many proposed amendments to the U.S. Constitution failed to catch on, even those that appeared to have the support of the most powerful elected official in the land: the president of the United States. President Donald Trump, for example, has expressed support for both a constitutional ban on flag-burning and on  term limits for members of the House and Senate. (The Founding Fathers rejected the idea of imposing term limits when writing the U.S. Constitution.) Commonly Proposed Constitutional Amendments The overwhelming majority of proposed constitutional amendments deal with the same few topics:  the federal budget, freedom of speech, and term limits. However, none of the following amendments have gained much traction in Congress. Balanced Budget Among the most contentious proposed amendments to the U.S. Constitution is the balanced-budget amendment. The idea of  preventing the federal government from spending more than it generates in revenue from taxes in any fiscal year has drawn support from some conservatives. Most notably, it won backing from President Ronald Reagan, who vowed in 1982 to do all he could to get Congress to pass the amendment. Speaking in the Rose Garden of the White House in July 1982, Reagan said: We must not, and we will not, permit prospects for lasting economic recovery to be buried beneath an endless tide of red ink. Americans understand that the discipline of a balanced-budget amendment is essential to stop squandering and overtaxing. And theyre saying the time to pass the amendment is now. The balanced-budget amendment is the single most commonly  proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution, according to a Pew Research Center analysis of legislation. Over the course of two decades, members of the House and Senate introduced 134 such proposed amendments —  none of which went beyond Congress.   Flag-Burning In 1989, President George H.W. Bush  announced his support for a proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would have banned the desecration of the American flag. However,  the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the  First Amendment  guarantee of  freedom of speech  protected the activity. Said Bush: I believe that the flag of the United States should never be the object of desecration. Protection of the flag, a unique national symbol, will in no way limit the opportunity nor the breadth of protest available in the exercise of free speech rights. ...  Flag burning is wrong. As President, I will uphold our precious right to dissent, but burning the flag goes too far and I want to see that matter remedied. Term Limits The Founding Fathers rejected the idea of congressional term limits. Supporters of a congressional term limit amendment argue that it will limit the possibility of corruption and bring fresh ideas into the Capitol. On the other hand, critics of the idea argue that there is value in the  experience gained when congressional leaders serve multiple terms.  Ã‚   Other Examples of Proposed Amendments The following are some other recently proposed amendments to the U.S. Constitution. Repealing the 16th Amendment. The 16th amendment created the income tax in 1913. Representative Steve King of Iowa proposed repealing this amendment in order to eliminate the income tax and ultimately replace it with a different tax system.  Rep. King stated: â€Å"The federal government has the first lien on all productivity in America. Ronald Reagan once said, ‘What  you tax you get less of.’ Right now we tax all productivity. We need to turn that completely around and put the tax on consumption. That is why we need to repeal the 16th Amendment which authorizes the income tax. Replacing the current income tax with a consumption tax will ensure that productivity is not punished in our country, but rewarded.†Requiring a two-thirds vote from each house  of Congress to increase the statutory limit on the public debt, from Rep. Randy Neugebauer of Texas.  The United States debt ceiling is the maximum amount of money that the federal government is allowed to b orrow to meet its existing legal financial obligations, including Social Security and Medicare benefits, military salaries, interest on the national debt, tax refunds, and other payments. The U.S. Congress sets the debt limit and only Congress can raise it.Stating that the Constitution neither prohibits voluntary prayer nor requires prayer in schools, from Rep. Nick J. Rahall II of West Virginia. The proposed amendment states that the constitution will not be construed to prohibit voluntary prayer or require prayer in school.  Overturning Citizens United, the U.S. Supreme Court decision that the federal government cannot limit corporations from spending money to influence the outcome of elections, from Rep. Theodore Deutch of Florida.  Limit the power of Congress to impose a tax on a failure to purchase goods or services, from Rep. Steven  Palazzo of Mississippi. This proposed amendment seeks to undo the federal mandate that Americans carry health insurance, as spelled out by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act signed by President Barack Obama.  Ending the practice of including more than one subject in a single law by requiring that each law enacted by Congress be limited to only one subject and that the subject be clearly and descriptively expressed in the title of the law, from Rep. Tom Marino of Pennsylvania.Giving  states the right to repeal federal laws and regulations when ratified by the legislatures of two-thirds of the several states, from Rep. Rob Bishop of Utah. Bishop argues that this proposed amendment would add an additional system of checks and balances between state and federal governments. The founding fathers crafted the Constitution to include the concept of checks and balances. Sources DeSilver, Drew. Proposed Amendments To The U.S. Constitution Seldom Go Anywhere. Pew Research Center, 2018.Frank, Steve. The Top 10 Amendments That Havent Made It (Yet).  National Constitution Center, 2010.Amending America: Proposed Amendments to the United States Constitution, 1787 to 2014:  National Archives

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Women s Right And Racial Inequality Essay - 1885 Words

Argument Essay When looking back to several decades ago in comparison to now, it is quite obvious how far America has come in certain areas and issues. Two of the major areas of change that have occurred here in America pertain to the issues related to women’s right and racial inequality. In modern times, the women here in America have copious rights and privileges due to the passing of laws and acts. In addition, African American citizens now have rights equal to white people due to the Civil Rights Act and the impact of certain leaders. While our country has made significant progress in these areas, there are still inequalities present in our nation that could use attention. There are ways to overcome these issues and inequalities, but it takes the care and consideration of those willing to help make a change. Women’s rights have come a long way in America. The major changes for women over generations have been primarily in family life, employment, education, and gove rnment. Before the passing of the 19th amendment, women did not have the equal right to vote like men did. Even after women were granted the right to vote, they did not suddenly elevate to the same level as men. They still had fewer rights and different expectations in comparison to men at the time. and Women had no legal identity and were unable to own any land or property and they were expected to stay home and tend to cooking, cleaning, and the caretaking of the children. Women were not allowed to workShow MoreRelatedRacial Inequality And Gender Inequality889 Words   |  4 PagesIn today s world discrimination is a racial inequality when it come to different races in the United states. Discrimination has been around for years and have created a social inequality , economic crises and have lowered individuals into a group known as the â€Å" racial minorities â€Å".Racial minorities can be classified as older people , women , immigrants and young men and women. Women from th e early 1600’s to today s women have been discriminated against for years. Women have never had the sameRead MoreWhy Race and Gender Inequality Still Exist1101 Words   |  4 Pagescenturies ago, but inequalities between gender and race continue to exist. To analyze why gender and racial inequalities prevail, human capital theory and functionalism take into account cultural, historical, and economic factors. In my opinion, the human capital theory presents a more persuasive reason. Although race and gender inequalities in the United States have diminished in the past few centuries, many aspects of these inequalities still persist today. Race and gender inequalities are covert, andRead MoreFeminism And The Third Wave Of Feminism1212 Words   |  5 Pagessomething completely different than what it did in the days of women s suffrage. No longer is feminism working on allowing women just to vote. It focuses on intersectionality, gender norms, women s reproductive rights, and so much more. We are in the third wave of feminism. In 2017 most millennials identify with third wave feminism or a variant of the movement and strive to abolish gender roles, patriarchy, and fight for women s rights and equality. Our distinct personal experiences and social locationRead MoreRacial Segregation And Popular Culture1676 Words   |  7 Pagesgeneralizations and disturbing portrayals of members in a racial group contribute to the justification of unequal treatment in various syste ms that impact people in the society negatively. Racial biases exist unconsciously in our attitudes. This leads to actions that are negatively interpreted in our cultures and diffuse in the media, which in turn, form prejudice and discrimination that structure systems to target minority groups. The two most frequent racial stereotypes in cultural and social agendas areRead MoreA Jewish Man And A Christian Man Walk Into A Bar The Bartender1492 Words   |  6 Pagescan not cross this line. Discrimination is something that needs to be addressed because of sexism, racial inequality, and religious differences. Muslims, African-Americans, and Hispanics; what do they all have in common you ask, they are the top most discriminated people in America. People should not be judged off of what somebody of their race has done once upon a time. America gives people the right to freedom of religion even so people still choose to disobey it, some people around the world arenRead MoreRacial Segregat ion And Racial Discrimination1645 Words   |  7 Pageshistory of racial segregation created a clear view of how most racial minorities have been treated throughout history and views and differences amount racial majority. This paper primarily focus will be the treatment or experience racial minority faced throughout this historical revolution. African American are not the only racial minority who has been treated inequality or racial oppression, Chinese American and Native American but African American illustrates a direct view of racial inequality throughoutRead MoreRace And Health Inequality In America. . Racial Discrimination1580 Words   |  7 PagesRace and Health Inequality in America Racial discrimination by doctors According to Golash-Boza (2016), the systemic racism or the accumulated disadvantages for non-whites are also reflected in in the areas of health and environment. Golash-Boza (2016) argues that racial inequalities diminish not only he opportunities for non-whites but also â€Å"our time on earth†. This can have an effect on the health and life expectancy. It is interesting to look at why blacks have a lower life expectancy thanRead MoreThe Social Philosophies On The Race Theory And Feminism Approaches1316 Words   |  6 Pagesjustice, and examples of injustice. The Race theory is viewed as a self-conscious way of thinking. It is referred to as ideas of human differences beginning from ancient times to today. Racism is made up of practices and commitments deriving from racial hierarchies. However, the thought is that where there is a race, racism follows and vise versa, therefore, consequences adheres to this notion. The definitional of racism is results from the idea of what is done to races in social term, certain racesRead MoreRacial Segregation Of The United States1508 Words   |  7 PagesWe have issues. More specifically the United States has issues, continuous and all encompassing issues of racial inequality.The United States is experiencing a outburst of racism, as can be seen from the 2014 killings of two unarmed African-American men, to the brutality of white supremacy in Charleston and the string of arsons in black churches across the South. Of course, it’s nothing new for a nation with a long history of extreme racist vio lence—the most recent lynching-related death occurredRead MoreExplication Of The s Story Presentation, A Fellow Classmate Of Mine Claimed That Invisible 1701 Words   |  7 PagesInvisible was extremely influenced by outside forces such as racial etiquette. The â€Å"racial etiquette governed the actions, manners, attitudes, and words† of Invisible because of his skine color (Davis 1). As Ronald davis wrote in his essay Racial Etiquette, the expectation was that â€Å"black Americans [conducted] themselves according to well-understood rituals of behaviour† and racial customs. Invisible clearly followed the rules of racial etiquette. Invisible is not an existinsist when he follows social

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Process Safety in Oil and Gas Operations free essay sample

Process safety management system (PSM) has received greater attention in the oil and gas industry because of the major memorable accidents that have occurred within the industry and the severity of their impacts on stakeholders. The Bhopal gas tragedy which occurred in December 1984 from the release of methyl Isocyanates (MIC) where over two thousand people died and the Flixborough disaster which also happened on 1974 where about twenty eight workers were killed and thirty six workers suffered from serious injuries alerted the essence of PSM in the operations of not only oil and gas activities but in other process industries (Hackitt 2010). The application of PSM has been steered by organizations like the American Institute of Chemical Engineers; Center for Process Safety, as a management system to manage hazardous processes. PSM is a proactive approach which seeks to identify and manage hazards, risks and safety during operational activities in order to prevent process and equipment failure, major injuries and fatalities (Harry 2003). It is aimed at developing plants and processes to prevent the release of highly hazardous chemicals (HHC) during operations which could lead to dangerous effects, fires and explosions (Bureau Veritas 2010). PSM addresses matters that relates to operability, stability and quality of processes and its merit goes beyond prevention of accidents to increase productivity, quality improvement, waste and cost reduction (Cockburn 2011). The mention of major accidents within the oil and gas industry brings one question to mind- what went wrong? And in response, it is obvious that their occurrences are connected to issues concerning PSM systems. This article discusses process safety management in oil and gas operations: the past, present and future directions. Referrals to major accidents would be made to exhibit the trend of process safety in oil and gas operations. 2. 0Process Safety Management in Past Operations of Oil and Gas Companies The oil and gas industry has experienced numerous catastrophic events which their occurrences could have been prevented. A greater percentage of accidents that occur during operations are process related accidents of which their extreme impact has led to the drains of financial resources and reputation of most oil and gas companies. A typical example cited is the Piper Alpha disaster in 1984 and the explosion at British Petroleum (BP) Texas Refinery in 2005. 2. 1Oil and Gas Companies Mistook Process Safety for Personal Safety Most oil and gas companies concentrated largely on personal safety than process safety and for this reason; mistakenly perceived that records of no loss time injury, no recordable injury frequency were indicators of standard process safety performance (Baker et al 2007). Hackitt (1993) comments that the insufficiency measurement of process safety led to the believe that rarely do new accidents occur however accidents are repeatedly happening because people leave the company and take the knowledge about process safety with them. From this, it could be deduced that the knowledge about process safety was lacking within the industry. Again, oil and gas companies perceived safety to be concerned with personal safety but not related to their processes. This could be that they relied much on information system manufacturers’ provided about their systems and for that matter failed to provide additional safety in their systems and processes. 2. 2Poor Process Safety Culture and Unsafe Work Practices A typical example can be cited from the events surrounding the Piper Alpha disaster where a relief valve in the pump was removed for maintenance and a blank was loosely installed as a replacement of the relief valve on the piping flange (CCPS 2005). In addition, the culture of ignoring near misses and incidents as not having the potential to cause harm is what can be said of process safety in previous operations of oil and gas companies (Pate-Cornell 1991). Also, due to poor process safety culture, BP didn’t have a process safety audit system which could have revealed all the inherent hazards and risk associated with their operations and for this matter the accident at the Texas City refinery happened (Baker et al 2007). It is obvious that the poor process safety culture made management and operators in the oil and gas sector to under estimate the role process failure could lead to accidents. Again, USW (2007) reports that most Oil and Gas refineries in the United States practice bad process safety systems where most refineries used atmospheric vents on their process units which accounted to the release of untreated flammable and dangerous substances. It continues to report that work tool trailers were located closely to process nits thereby exposing them to dangerous conditions and also permitted unqualified workers to work in risky areas during operations. Moreover, plants were modified without thorough risk assessments, failure to conduct pressure test after installing new pipework at Flixborough (Hackitt 2010) was another poor process safety practice. This poor process safety practice was the root cause of the explosion. It can be said that the poor practices of process safety was due to unawareness that processes could go wrong. 2. 3Complex Processes and Plants Design According to Hopkins (2007) the complexity of processes and plants design caused process related accidents to happen. Hackitt (2006) consents that process control and safeguarding equipment have also become complex thereby increasing the risk involved in their operations. It can be argued to an extent that the complexity and design of plants and systems have been established for safety reasons and with its material safety data sheet (MSDS) the level of risk may reduce. Again, the complexity of the processes was handed by workers who didn’t have adequate knowledge and expertise on process safety. Apart from this, misconceptions that redundancies are meant for safety purposes and for that matter the possibility of accident happening is rare demonstrates how process safety was taken for granted in past operations of oil and gas companies. For example, in the Piper Alpha disaster, it was believed that automatic shut down and alarm systems were enough to prevent the accident (Pate-Cornell 1991). 2. 4 Non- compliance of Process Safety Guidelines and Regulations Oil and gas companies operating in the downstream did not comply with process safety guidelines and regulations . Occupational health and safety administration’s (OSHA) standards on hazardous waste operation and emergency response and PSM of highly hazardous chemicals; and Environmental Protection Agency’s Risk Management Programs were overlooked. These regulations provide refineries to undertake effective PSM in all their operations so as to reduce accidents (USW 2007). It could be explained that most companies where seeking to maximize profits at the expense of protecting their equipment and processes; they were pursuing cost cutting strategy as they perceived process safety to be costly and technical to deal with (Baker et al 2007). However, the existence of these regulations were not enough to ensure their compliance, there were no regular monitoring systems in place to check those operations which violated the regulations. It is believed that if the guidelines and regulations were strictly enforced with effective monitoring systems then most oil and gas refineries would have no reason not to comply by them. The challenge is that such regulations and guidelines are not to be legally enforced as they are voluntary policies. The Current State of Process Safety Management in Oil and Gas Operations There has been a radical shift towards the intensification of process safety within oil and gas activities by way of correcting past mistakes and changing the old ways of doing things. PSM has gained holistic attention which is integrated into offshore and onshore activities. 3. 1Intensification of Process Safety Management System in Oil and Gas Operations Personal safety performance is not considered to be process safety performance. Process safety is now given a different attention. Thus, PSM is integrated in oil and gas operations in addition to personal safety. To improve the current state of process safety performance, inherent safety management system has been integrated into PSM. This however presents its own challenge. Oil and gas companies are developing different strategies to improve process safety in their operations. For example, Process safety in Royal Dutch Shell is centered towards design integrity, asset integrity, operating integrity, technical integrity and leadership integrity where it continually monitors its process safety performance in its operations. The current state of process safety in the operations of oil and gas companies is evident by current level of process safety leadership demonstrated by top management of oil and gas companies. The need for leadership commitment in PSM has been addressed within the industry. Most chief executive officers and top managers have been trained about the importance of PSM and how to manage process safety at all levels of the organisation (Hackitt 2010). It is believed that this will avoid making poorly informed decisions which in effect will avoid the occurrences of unforeseen disasters. For example, management of BP provide effective leadership through the establishment of desirable goals and infusing into the mindset of its workforce that process accidents is not tolerable in the organization and through the continually communication with line managers, supervisors and staff process safety awareness has deepened (Baker Panel 2007). It can be questioned that how then did the Macondo blow out in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 occur if BP has improved its process safety leadership and commitments? Process safety leadership and commitment is a challenge which is currently facing the industry. In addition, the key programme three (KP3) review indicates that the role of leadership in integrity management have been developed within the industry and has led to include asset integrity in its key performance indicators of which in effect improves the quality of information on process safety not only to top managers but employees as well (HSE 2009). Not only has process safety leadership improved but the commitments demonstrated by oil and gas companies have contributed to improve PSM system through investments in process safety. For instance, in 2006, Shell invested $6 billion to improve process safety in its upstream facilities and in 2010 invested $1 billion to improve safety and reliability of its refinery, chemical plants and distribution facilities (Shell n. d). 3. 4Process Hazards Identification Techniques Again, process risk assessment through the application of process hazards identification tools have been integrated comprehensively into oil and gas activities. The focus on process hazards identification techniques have been intensified through the application of layer of protection analysis (LOPA), hazard identification (HAZID), hazards and operability (HAZOP) and fault tree analysis (FTA). These techniques are continually modified to identify and assess all risk associated with processes, plants and systems (NPRA 2010). It can be said that these techniques have helped to identify and manage risks, near-misses and incidents which could have led to repeat major catastrophe. This does not imply accidents are not happening within the industry but it can be said that these techniques are used to reduce the likelihood and severity of dangerous occurrences; nevertheless they have their own limitations. 3. 5Process Safety Culture and Practice In addition, there has been the call for process safety culture by all stakeholders involved in oil and gas operations. The results of safety culture surveys are communicated to all stakeholders and there has been a constant review of process safety policies and practices. The approach to effective PSM systems has moved from compliance to a state where process safety is owned by management and employees. The KP3 survey reports that safety culture has improved within offshore activities. This has been enhanced due to current industry guidance on NRB policies ‘not required back’ of which continues to be a major policy which is expected to be implemented worldwide (HSE 2009). The impact of technical competence and training of employees to improve process safety culture have not been underestimated. Operating essential training and core technical training are periodically provided to employees to increase their awareness on process safety (Oxley 2010). In United Kingdom, minimum industry safety training (MIST) has been provided for most offshore employees to improve upstream safety (Oil and Gas 2009). 4. 0Future Direction of Process Safety Management in Oil and Gas Operations The way forward for PSM in the oil and gas sector will depend on process safety leadership (despite the fact that process safety leadership has improved) and how PSM will be prioritised in corporate agenda. Process safety leadership will be driven by core values of oil and gas companies where safety design and engineering would be integrated into companies’ policies and strategies (Hackitt 2010). Demonstration of leadership commitment through the allocation of resources to improve assets integrity and the constant monitoring of operations is the bedrock for process safety in the future (Chevron 2006). It can be said that the focus on performance indicators in oil and gas operations will also provide feedback to management about process safety performance. Oxley (2010) consents that performance indicators like risk matrix and process safety events will be useful in oil and gas operations. Leadership in PSM will be enhanced with the awareness that profit is closely related to the integrity of processes and systems and where there is a continuous learning curve in the organisation (Hackitt 2010). Not only learning from incidence and near misses or fatal injuries but also sharing information and learning about the best industry practices on process safety and how these practices can be improved continually. The journey to PSM will also depend on Technology and Innovations within the industry. It is believed that new technologies and inventions will help improve PSM in oil and gas operations. New technologies will find solutions to current challenges pertaining to process safety (Hackitt 2010). 5. 0Conclusion The oil and gas industry has suffered numerous major accidents which could have been prevented if PSM systems were holistically integrated into their operations. The occurrences of memorable disasters like Flixborough disaster, Bhopal gas tragedy, Piper Alpha disaster, BP Texas City refinery explosion, Macondo blowout have alerted the industry to modify its safety management system hence the need to pay significant attention to PSM systems to prevent the occurrences of similar disasters. PSM systems in recent operations of oil and gas companies have been modified and improved, however, still seeks for continuous improvements for better sustainability of energy resources. It may be recommended that attention on process safety should not discontinue the importance of personal safety in the industry.

Thursday, April 9, 2020

The Uncanny free essay sample

This Is where I directed most of my attention as the research from both Jennets and Freud was quite extensive. Ernst Jennets did his study on the uncanny prior to Freud and concluded the uncanny to be a fear of the unfamiliar based on Intellectual uncertainty. He explains the uncanny Is most easily created through writing fiction where the line between reality and Fulton Is blurred. Therefore, the uncanny can be understood as an uncomfortable feeling provoked In the reader through remission of information the reader cannot distinguish as real or imaginary.I find this fascinating as the author is aware of the information being true or false so they do not encounter this feeling, but, can evoke it in another. It seems to me that Freud took Sentences research as a challenge to further distinguish and define the experience of the uncanny. Its almost as if Freud was competing with Jennets by taking his research one step further. We will write a custom essay sample on The Uncanny or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He analyzed Sentences conclusions and researched the words within his definition of the uncanny; familiar and intellectual uncertainty. He searched for a term to describe the uncanny in multiple languages to try and define a feeling. He concluded there are many languages without such term but he found the word Heimlich. Heimlich in German means belonging to the house, not strange, familiar but it can also mean the opposite. The opposite being unmelodic: concealed, kept from sight, withheld from others. This enhanced his definition of the uncanny to include that it may be felt in two ways: familiar and unfamiliar. Specifically he insists the uncanny can be felt to what is comfortable, agreeable and familiar, but also to what is concealed, secretive, and unfamiliar.Frauds essay does have much more to it pertaining to uncanny fiction and the factors It requires but the research is what I found most interesting. It illustrates the complexity of the feeling as we cant find the right words to describe It. The uncanny proves to be a feeling you cant quite define but can easily recognize. The Uncanny By Cattily-Robinson studies of the German words Heimlich and unmelodic. His studies into this were provoked through research done previously by Ernst Jennets into the uncanny.This is concluded the uncanny to be a fear of the unfamiliar based on intellectual uncertainty. He explains the uncanny is most easily created through writing fiction where the line between reality and fiction is blurred. Therefore, the uncanny can be understood as an uncomfortable feeling provoked in the reader through it requires but the research is what I found most interesting. It illustrates the complexity of the feeling as we cant find the right words to describe it. The uncanny proves to be a feeling you cant quite define but can easily recognize.

Monday, March 9, 2020

Spaceship Earth - More than a Disney Attraction

Spaceship Earth - More than a Disney Attraction Visionary and designer, poet and engineer, R. Buckminster Fuller believed that we must work together as a crew if we are to survive on our planet, spaceship earth. How did the dreams of a genius turn into a Disney World attraction? When Buckminster Fuller (1895-1983) conceived the geodesic dome, he dreamed that it would house humanity. Constructed of a complex framework of self-bracing triangles, the geodesic dome was the strongest and most economical structure ever designed for its time, first patented in 1954. No other form of enclosure covered so much area without internal supports. The larger it is, the stronger it becomes. Geodesic domes have proven durable in hurricanes that have flattened traditional homes. Whats more, geodesic domes are so easy to assemble that an entire house can be built in a single day. Spaceship Earth at Disney World The enormous ATT Pavilion at Epcot in Disney World is perhaps the worlds most famous structure modeled after Fullers geodesic dome. Technically, the Disney pavilion isnt a dome at all! Known as Spaceship Earth, the Disney World attraction is a full (although slightly uneven) sphere. A true geodesic dome is hemispherical. However, theres no question that this Disney icon is Buckys brainchild. EPCOT was envisioned by Walt Disney in the 1960s as a planned community, an urban development of the future. Disney allotted 50 acres of his newly purchased Florida swampland to be what I remember to be called an Environmental Prototype Community of Tomorrow. Disney himself presented the plan in 1966, explaining the Celebration-like development as an Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow, a climate-controlled bubble community, with, perhaps, a geodesic dome atop. The dream was never realized at Epcot- Disney died in 1966, shortly after he presented the master plan and shortly before Buckminster Fuller had great success with Biosphere at Montreals Expo 67. After Disneys death, amusement prevailed, and living under a dome transformed into being entertained inside a sphere representing Spaceship Earth Built in 1982, Spaceship Earth at Disney World encloses some 2,200,000 cubic feet of space inside a globe that is 165 feet in diameter. The outer surface is composed of 954 triangular panels made of a polyethylene core sandwiched between two anodized aluminum plates. These panels are not all the same size and shape. Geodesic Dome Homes Buckminster Fuller had high hopes for his geodesic domes, but the economical designs didnt catch on the way he envisioned. First, builders needed to learn how to waterproof the structures. Geodesic domes are made up of triangles with many corners and many seams. Eventually builders became skilled in geodesic dome construction and they were able to make the the structures resistant to leaks. There was another problem, however. The odd shape and appearance of geodesic domes proved to be a hard-sell for homebuyers used to conventional houses. Today, geodesic domes and spheres are widely used for weather stations and airport radar shelters, but relatively few geodesic domes are built for private homes. Although you wont often find a one in a suburban neighborhood, geodesic domes do have a small but passionate following. Scattered around the world are determined idealists, building and living in the efficient structures Buckminster Fuller invented. Later designers followed in his footsteps, creating other types of dome housing such as sturdy and economical Monolithic Domes. Learn More: Movies About Famous Architects, Including Buckminster FullerWhat is a Geodesic Dome?From our architecture glossary, illustration and definition of the geodesic dome, conceived by Buckminster Fuller.Build A Geodesic Dome ModelStep by step instructions, with diagrams, by Trevor Blake.Buckminster Fuller: BiographyFast facts about the life and works of Buckminster Fuller.Buckminster Fuller: InventionsAn extensive collection of resources from your Inventors Expert.Buckminster Fuller Bibliography by Trevor Blake, 2016Walt Disneys Epcot Center: Creating the New World of Tomorrow by Richard R. Beard, 1982

Saturday, February 22, 2020

Global governance Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Global governance - Coursework Example Every nation has its own laws, but due to the existing shared resources such as the oceans, the atmosphere, and climate among others, the necessity of global governance on such environmental issues has to be in place, to protect the environment and the biodiversity. There are series of environmental challenges which span several nations, regions, and eventually the entire globe causing serious harm. Some of the main global governance issues relating to the environment include health, energy, hazardous chemicals, green house gas emissions, invasive species and polluted water, and depleting resources. Truly, it is each nation’s and its societies’ responsibility to safeguard the environment, but their efforts are too small to handle the increasing issues; hence international cooperation has to take responsibility, by enforcing policies to guide and discipline nations. Health Issues The increasing health problems are matters of global concern, especially now when the transm ission of diseases, either sexually, contact or airborne is on the rise. New diseases are emerging, all threatening the lives of the global population, who have unrestricted movements across different boundaries. Health problems are wide, but the growth of global health partnerships is helping to address majority of them. ‘Health threats such as HIV/AIDS, influenza, SARS, or avian flu threaten every country and the global community as a whole, due to the rapid spread based on global travel and mobility; their impact is frequently very serious in economic terms.’2 Some of the diseases are arising or spreading due to human, economic, and social actions, which could be regulated easily to counter the diseases. Nations are spending huge amounts of money that could be drained in other sectors, to assist the citizens to meet the costs of treatment of these diseases. Food processing, alcohol, and tobacco companies have been accused of being channels that steer certain diseases like Diabetes and cancers within the societies. As financing healthcare continues to be a political issue, inequalities in accessing health care still persist with nations like the United States spending $7285, while developing nations such as Eritrea and Myanmar may have to spend less than $10 per individual annually.3 Often, human health has a relation with the health of the ecosystem; hence environmental degradation does not affect terrestrial organisms only, but generally lead to diseases that are severe to human health than infectious diseases. Malaria is partly attributed to environmental changes arising from human activities for economic gain. Parts of the Amazons, Peru, and Bangladesh demonstrate increasing malaria cases, as the clearing of the forests left pools of water bodies, creating ideal sites for mosquitoes to breed; these human caused changes encourage mosquitoes movement into areas populated by humans as their habitats are destroyed.4 This problem is also a health problem in Africa, since the tropics are much warmer due to deforestation activities, influencing organisms’ evolution (insects tend to live longer and breed faster than before) and as they migrate to other newer environments,

Wednesday, February 5, 2020

Prevalence of CKD among the Aboriginal and the Risk Factors Essay

Prevalence of CKD among the Aboriginal and the Risk Factors - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that kidney damage shown by the passing of protein in the urine, is widespread among the Aboriginal, and proportions of treated chronic kidney disease among the Aboriginal have at times been reported to be more than 30 times the levels of other Australians. Though data on the occurrences and prevalence of CKD among the Aboriginal is not present at the national level, the big burden resulting from CKD within this population is shown by the high rate of prevalence of CKD, the high cases and prevalence of ESKD, the high hospitalization cases and mortality rates related with CKD among the Aboriginal. The biggest challenge facing the Aboriginal is accessibility to healthcare. Risk factors for chronic kidney disease are greatly prevalent among the Aboriginal communities. Poor nutrition, alcohol abuse, tobacco smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes and other preventable diseases are widespread among many Aboriginal and have been related to kidney problems within this community. Data from the National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organization indicated higher levels of diabetes, obesity, smoking, and high blood pressure among the Aboriginal in comparison with other Australians. Add this to the poor social-economic conditions and usual remote regions resulting in poor accessibility of health services and you get increased cases of CKD as well as other chronic illnesses among the Aboriginal. There is also higher cases of low birth weights among the Aboriginal and this according to McDonald contributes to increased risk for kidney disease, outside other risk factors.

Tuesday, January 28, 2020

Guest Satisfaction Essay Example for Free

Guest Satisfaction Essay Guest satisfaction within the Hospitality Industry is very important and essential. Only when a restaurant exhibit satisfactory guest it can be successful for a longer period of time. Guests will only come back and spend more money when the particular establishment supplies their wants and needs. Many aspects can influence the satisfaction of guests. However one main aspect which can influence the satisfaction is the quality of staff members. They represent the restaurant and when they are not good in their job it casts a damning light on the establishment. Guests will not recommend a restaurant which possesses bad staff members who are not polite or motivated. Within the staff quality there are several aspects which should be fulfilled in order to get a guest satisfactory guest. Therefore the main question of this Module Assignment will be â€Å"Which sub dimensions of the staff quality influence the guest satisfaction†. Literature Review In this assignment we will determine the topic staff quality and the different aspects which are linked with it. In the following Literature Review we will take a closer look on the Service time and the Service quality of staff and the stereotypes within the Hospitality industry. Service time of staff The service time has become an extremely important component of service quality within the hospitality industry. There is a complex relationship between the waiting times and the overall customer satisfaction because this will only be negative assessed when the costumer perceived the waiting time to be longer than what they found to be reasonable. Because most restaurants deliver so much quality in tangible offerings, they can distinguish themselves from their competitors by the quality of service (Allen, 1999). A study was developed to examine two factors in relationship to the waiting times. The first part of the study was the impact of waiting times at various stages of the service p rocess on perceived customer satisfaction. And the second part of the study was: What is the impact of company training activity on service time efficiency. For the study 8 of the same casual dining’s of one particular chain were followed. Only in 4 restaurants the managers talked to their staff about the service time issues every day before the shift started. 2 of these restaurants also called out the time between the orders were taken and it left the kitchen. The other 4 restaurants didn’t have a meeting or something about waiting times. The various stages of waiting time that were studied were: Arrival greet: time elapsed before guest was greeted at door Seating time: lapsed before guest was greeted at the table Drink Service: wait time after order was taken Order time: amount of time lapsed after order was taken -Check back time: time lapsed after food was received Payment time: how long guest waited for change/Credit Card Slip The results showed that the 4 restaurant that had spoken about the waiting time in all studied stages of waiting were on time and the percentages of the other 4 restaurants were always lower. The two restaurants that also called out the time during the shifts had a table turn (the length of time a guest would occupies a table at the Restaurant) of a very low 40 minutes. The two restaurants that only spoke about it before the shift had a table turn of 48 minutes and the other 4 had a table turn of over 50 minutes! For the study there were also mystery shoppers who went to the restaurant and after the visit had to give there rating. The mystery shoppers were asked about multiple items although the service times were most heavily rated. The 4 restaurants that spoke about waiting time were considered an excellent rating. The 4 that didn’t speak about waiting time were overall considered a below average rating with improvements needed. Service quality of staff Service quality can be seen as a very important factor when it comes to guest satisfaction (Melih Madanoglu, 2004). Service quality is the consumer’s judgment about an overall superiority or excellence. Itcan be crucial in the overall performance of an organization and enable it to differentiate itself from competitors to gain competitive advantage (Jannadi, 2001; Stevens et al.,1995). If the guests experience a good service there is a high chance that they will recommend the restaurant where they have eaten to other people. Everything depends on a good relationship between the customer and the staff. Many researchers carry out surveys about the dimensions of service quality and all had different solutions because like Parasuraman says the dimensions of SQ is generic. So it can be said that every dimension has to be adapted to the different restaurant and to the different target group they want to attract (Parasuraman, 1985). However when you look to the different results the researchers got from their surveys there are always some dimensions which appear every time. These words are reliability, staff behavior and their attitude to guests, timeliness and physical quality of the staff. All of these aspects have to be fulfilled to get a satisfied customer. Guests want to have a staff member who is nice, self-confident and friendly (behavior). Furthermore they want to see waiters/waitresses who like their job and are blessed to have them as guests (attitude). They also appreciate it to get their food and there drinks in an adequate time (timeliness). Finally customers feeling more comfortable when they have employees, who care for personal hygiene, have the right clothes and smell nicely. Stereotypes in the hospitality Customers will form their judgment based on the employee’s personal appearances, the customer’s pre-established expectations, and the environment in which the interaction occurs (Lockwood Jones, 1989). When there isn’t much information about these mentioned aspects, the customers will form impressions of the restaurant by looking to the staff members (observable cues). Race, sex, age, occupations and physical attractiveness are ex amples of these observable cues. These may connote differences in status and competence to observers (Berger et al., 1977). This is all about stereotypes and this plays an important role in human judgment. Stereotyping is the process of ascribing characteristics to people on the basis of their group memberships (Oakes et al., 1994). Selecting the best employees for service encounters is critically important for customer satisfaction and, ultimately, an organization’s success but how to do this when customers base their perceptions on stereotypes? The research of H.-F. Luoh S.-H. Tsaur analyzed the effects of gender stereotypes on the perceived service qualityunder favorable and unfavorable service quality conditions in fine dining restaurants. The results showed that under favorable service quality conditions, the respondents’ perceived service quality with regards to a female server on tangibles, reliability, assurance, and empathy dimensions was better than that of a male server. On the other hand, under unfavorable service quality conditions, there were no statistical differences in the respondent’s perceived service quality on the service rendered by a female server or a male server (H.-F. Luoh S.-H. Tsaur). Another form of stereotyping is the fact that people expect better service from someone of the same sex simply because they feel they might be more comfortable interacting with them (Fisher et al., 1997). Mind-Map Sub questions For specifying the main question of this research paper which is â€Å"Which sub dimensions influence the guest satisfaction†, three sub questions were phrased. These sub questions were phrased after making the mind-map and analyzing the literature review. 1. Does the behavior of staff members influence the guest satisfaction? 2. Does the Appearance of staff influence guest satisfaction? 3. Does the speed of staff have an influence on the guest satisfaction? Methodology This chapter provides information about how the study was carried out. It dealt with the subject from which the data were collected, the tool which was used in collecting the data and how this tool was used for the subject from which the data were collected (sample, instrument and procedure). Sample This research study is carried out by 55 students of the Stenden University Hotel School. To collect the data for the study, the students have visited 16 different restaurants. Two of these restaurants were pizzerias and two were sushi restaurants. 15 of the restaurants are located in the city of Leeuwarden. Only one is located in another city called Sneek. The price range of the restaurants lies between the 8,50 â‚ ¬ and 36,25 â‚ ¬. Some of the restaurants were visited by more than two people at the same time. Because of this fact a table is presented beside the text which shows the different restaurants and how many people have visited each of them. Instrument The instrument which was used for the study was a questionnaire with a Likert-scale from 1-10. The questionnaire focused on different points. Those points are Hygiene, General behavior, attitude, speed of staff service, language, posture, gesture, knowledge, appearance and presentation and general satisfaction. The questionnaire shows also other aspects: The gender of the server, the gender of the student and the average spending per person in the restaurant. Procedure All the 55 students chose a restaurant of their interest. The questionnaire with the Likert-scale from 1-10 was brought to the restaurant. The students filled in the questionnaire during or after the dinner in a discrete manner. It has to happen like this because staff of the restaurant should not get influenced by the fact that they were observed. After every of the 55 students had dinner in the restaurant of his/her choice, all the questionnaires were collected. All the answers of the questionnaires were put in a clear table in excel. Results In the following chapter the results of the quantitative questionnaire for the restaurant visit will be presented. The focus of the questionnaire was laying on the question â€Å"Which sub dimensions of the staff quality influence the guest satisfaction†. For answering this question scatter plots and descriptive statistics were used. With the help of these methods it could be found out which sub dimensions were most equally valued and which variable were the most chosen one. The first method is the mode. It can be seen in it that most of the participants valued the sub dimensions of the staff quality which were given in the questionnaire with a high mark, which means that almost all probands were satisfied with the quality of the staff in the restaurant they have chosen. Hygiene, general behaviour, attitude, speed of staff, language and general satisfaction were valued with an 8 and posture, gesture, knowledge and appearance/presentation with a 7. According to this it can be said that the most participants of the study were more satisfied with the first six sub dimensions which can be seen in the table below than with the 4 sub dimensions which are following (look at table 2). Table 1: Descriptive statistic for the Mode Hygiene| 8| General Behaviour| 8| Attitude| 8| Speed of staff| 8| Language| 8| General Satisfaction| 8| Posture| 7| Gesture| 7| Knowledge| 7| Appearance and presentation| 7| The second method which was used for analyzing the data of the questionnaire was the scatter plot. Therefore the different sub dimensions of the questionnaire were taken in relation with the variable â€Å"General Satisfaction. From the nine valued variables which were compared, four of them were most significant. Those four were therefore the variables which had the highest relation to â€Å"General Satisfaction†.2 The first scatter plot in figure one dealt with the relation â€Å"Appearance/presentation† and â€Å"General Satisfaction†. The dots which can be seen in it lie very close to each other and to the regression line as well which means that almost all of the participants of the questionnaire valued both variables almost with the same mark. The next scatter plot which belongs to figure 1 focused on the sub dimensions â€Å"Posture† and â€Å"General Satisfaction†. It is cognizable that the dots of this plot did not lie that close together like they did in the previous relation which means that the participants did not all had the same opinion about both sub dimensions. The ensuing scatter plot showed how similar the probands valued the relation of â€Å"General Behaviour† and â€Å"General Satisfaction†. Here it can be seen that the dots were further apart than in the other two plots. This finding showed that even more participants than in the other scatter plots valued differently and therefore did not have chosen the same mark. The last scatter plot in figure 1 concentrated on the combination â€Å"Language† and â€Å"General Satisfaction†. It pointed out that the dots of this one had the highest spreading of all four scatter plots. The consequence of this is that only a small amount of the probands valued this relation with the same mark. All in all it can be said that the combination â€Å"Appearance/presentation† and â€Å"General Satisfaction† are the relation which the probands of the questionnaire valued most equally. Mostly all of them had the same opinion about this proportion and have experienced it in a similar way. On the other hand â€Å"Language† and â€Å"General Satisfaction† though is the relation which was assessed most differently. The people who filled out the questionnaire had therefore all a different opinion about this combination. Figure 1: Visualization of the four significant variables In the end it can be said that the reason why the sub dimensions â€Å"average spending per person† and the â€Å"gender of sever† were not involved in the analysis is that both criteria didn’t give enough information for a meaningful and helpful conclusion. Discussion In the chapter of â€Å"Discussion† the findings of the literature review, the results of the questionnaire and therefore also the answer of the three sub questions will be discussed in detail. In the end a few limitations and recommendations on the process and procedure of the research will be named. Students of the Stenden hogeschool carried out a research study about staff quality. All of the students had to form groups and visit a restaurant of their choice. During the visit a questionnaire had to be filled out. This questionnaire consisted of several variables which belong to the topic â€Å"staff quality† like â€Å"Hygiene†, â€Å"General Behaviour† or â€Å"knowledge of the staff†. Those sub dimensions had to be assessed with the help of a likert scale from 1 to 10, whereat 10 meant â€Å"excellent†. After all that, each group had to formulate a main and three or four sub questions concerning staff quality and guest satisfaction. With the help of those questions the results of the questionnaire had to be analyzed. The main question of this paper was â€Å"Which sub dimensions of the staff quality influence the guest satisfaction†. For narrowing down this question a bit three sub questions were formulated. Those sub questions are â€Å"Does the behavior of staff members influence the guest satisfaction?†, â€Å"Does the Appearance of staff influence guest satisfaction?† and â€Å"Does the speed of staff has an influence on the guest satisfaction?†. In the result chapter it could be seen that especially five sub dimensions influence the thinking of the guests. One of these sub dimensions is â€Å"General Behaviour†. After it got taken in relation with â€Å"General Satisfaction† it was cognizable that the people who valued â€Å"General Behaviour† also assessed â€Å"General Satisfaction† almost with the same mark. The mode also showed that â€Å"General Behaviour† were valued from almost all of the probands with an 8 which means that all the staff members in the different restaurants behaved in the correct way. This finding expresses therefore that a good behaviour of the staff influences the g uest satisfaction in a positive way. It also reinforces the first sub question whether the behaviour of staff members influence the guest satisfaction. Also different researchers of the text â€Å"Validating Restaurant Service Quality Dimensions† which was edited in the Literature Review say that a friendly and polite behaviour of the staff members is very important for getting happy and satisfactory guest. The next sub question was about the sub dimension â€Å"Appearance and presentation of staff† and in how far it influences the satisfaction of guests. Concerning the results of the questionnaire, it is cognizable that also this variable influences the guest satisfaction. This conclusion was provable by looking at the relation of â€Å"Appearance/presentation† and â€Å"General Satisfaction†. The probands of the questionnaire had mostly the same opinion about the â€Å"Appearance and presentation of staff† as well as about the â€Å"General Satisfaction†. That means that when they have a special opinion about the first sub dimension they transfer it also to their overall satisfaction. In the mode the variable â€Å"Appearance/presentation† was assessed with a â€Å"7† which means that the majority of the participants were satisfied with this sub dimension. Also the â€Å"General Satisfaction† was valued with a high mark so it cou ld be said that the â€Å"Appearance and presentation of staff† influenced the satisfaction of the participants in a positive way too. In the literature review the author of the text â€Å"Gender Stereotypes and Service Quality in Customer – Waitperson Encounters† also said that the guests always pay attention to the appearance of the staff members. When they are not dressed adequate or looking cultivate people might think that the food they serve will also be dirty and contaminated. Because of this a neat outward appearance is important for making the guests feel comfortable and giving the feeling that everything is hygienic. Only when the guests feel comfortable they are satisfied and happy during and the restaurant visit. These findings confirmed therefore the second sub question whether the â€Å"Appearance and presentation of staff† influences the guest satisfaction. The last sub question dealt with the variable â€Å"speed of staff† and in how far it influences the guest satisfaction. In comparison to the other two sub dimensions, this variable showed another outcome. In the results it was cognizable that only a few of the participants of the questionnaire valued â€Å"speed of staff† with the same mark which means that they did not have the same opinion about this sub dimension. Whereas the first two variables were valued almost the same like â€Å"General Satisfaction†, â€Å"speed of staff† was assessed differently. Because of that this variable does not influence their overall satisfaction that much like â€Å"General Behaviour† and â€Å"Appearance and presentation of staff† These findings also answer the last sub question whether â€Å"speed of staff† influences the guest satisfaction. Although the text called â€Å"Validating Restaurant Service Quality Dimensions† which was worked on in the Literature Review had to be expressed that â€Å"speed of staff† is important for getting satisfactory guests, it seemed that this variable is not that relevant for the participants of this questionnaire. During the analysis of the results two limitations concerning the questionnaire appeared. The first limitation would be that it is not possible to find out which sub dimensions are most important for the guest satisfaction which is normally one of the most essential questions for interpreting in how far staff quality influences the overall satisfaction of guests within a restaurant. A recommendation would be to formulate another question at the bottom of the questionnaire concerning the importance of the sub dimens ions. With this question it would be possible to analyze which aspect is the most important one within staff quality. The second limitation is that only a few people were surveyed. The results would be more reliable if more groups would have had to fill out the questionnaire. It is only possible to formulate meaningful theses concerning a specific topic if a bigger group will be asked because only then it can be make sure that it is not a coincidence when a participant assesses a variable with a good or bad mark. When a bigger amount of probands value a variable with the same mark it is more probable that it really deserves this assessment. References Andersson, D., Mossberg. (2004). The dining experience: do restaurants satisfy customer needs?. Food Service Technology. 4, 171-177. Louh, Hsiang-Fei, Tsaur, Sheng-Hshiung. (2007). Gender Stereotypes and Service Quality in Customer – Waitperson Encounters. Total Quality Management. 18 (9), 1035-1054. Madanoglu, M. (2004). Validating Restaurant Service Quality Dimensions. Journal of Foodservice Business research. 7(4), 127-147. Tobin, R., Huffman, M.(?) . Examining the Impact of Service Times on Overall Guest Satisfaction Perception in the Casual Dining Environment. FIU Review. 24 (1), 42-48.

Monday, January 20, 2020

Andrew Jackson Essay -- Biography Biographies

Andrew Jackson â€Å"I cannot be intimidated from doing that which my judgment and conscience tell me is right by any earthly power.† This quote by Jackson underlies the fact the he was a selfish, tyrannical ruler. He did not make decisions based on the interests of the whole nation but on his own personal benefit, in search of self- achievement. Although he was portrayed or possibly manipulated the citizens to believe that he was a president for the common man, that was simply not the way he acted. As president, he purposely ignored the power of the Judicial branch to judge laws, and strengthened the power of the Executive branch above the limits in the Constitution. He was also said to be rude and uneducated, which might have led to the reasons why he was such a power hungry tyrant; but before one makes this harsh judgment they must first realize the type of life that Andrew Jackson lived. It almost certainly was the main reason why his thought process was so different from the regular wealthy, educated earlier presidents. The third child of Irish immigrants, he joined the Army when he was only thirteen years old. Although he was young he had already developed hatred towards the British, because his oldest brother was killed fighting in the Revolution. Even though Jackson was an exceptional soldier, both him and his middle brother were captured by British troops. After their mother pleaded for their release, the boys were set free, but due to the poor living conditions of the army camp, Jackson’s family was overcome by the smallpox disease. Leaving him all alone in life. This traumatic time in his life could have been the start of all his psychological problems. It seems that trouble almost always found Jackson. After being a lawyer for only a few years, an argument with another lawyer in the town led to an insult. Eventually Jackson challenged the man to a duel. Things did not look good for Jackson's opponent because Jackson was a notoriously good shot, but at the last minute Jackson offered his enemy some bacon and a joke, and they laughed together. This shows Jackson had the power to manipulate people. In just a few years of law Jackson, now eighteen met his soon to be wife, Rachel Robards. There was a small problem though†¦Rachel was married. But Jackson being the terrifying man that he was, played with a huge knife during the divorce trial; this p... ...er as president by exceeding his limits and allowing his personal happiness and emotions influence his decisions that may have affected him positively but affected the rest of the United States in a negative way; which was unbelievably selfish. He left the nation with confusion and failures instead of contributing to it, achievements. Jackson once said, â€Å"I know what I am fit for. I can command a body of men in a rough way; but I am not fit to be President.† I do not think he realized how right he was. Bibliography 1. Cayton, Andrew, Perry, Elisabeth I. and Allan M. Winkler. American Pathways to the Present. Needham: Prentice Hall, 1995 2. Kunhardt, Phillip B, Phillip III and Paul. â€Å"Andrew Jackson the 7th president.† The American President. (April 9, 2000): Online. Internet. May 2, 2001 3. Jackson, Andrew. â€Å"First Inaugural Address.† Inaugural addresses of the Presidents of the United States. (1989): p.3 4. Jackson, Andrew. â€Å"Second Inaugural Address.† Inaugural addresses of the Presidents of the United States. (1989): p.2 5. Zinn, Howard. †As Long as the Grass Grows or Water Runs † A Peoples History of the United States: 1492 to Present. New York City: Harper Collins, 1999

Sunday, January 12, 2020

Max Weber: A Short Biography Essay

Being a man with great aspirations, Max Weber’s life was filled with complexities and complications. Therefore, it is worthy of one’s time to explore the reasons of his success, a revolutionary thinker of the 19th century whose theories still remained as the subjects of interest among academics of the new millennium. In this paper, we shall explore on his life, followed by what influenced and motivated Weber to achieve the milestone of his life: scientific management theories. Lastly, we shall critique on the relevance of his theories in modern management. Biography Born in Erfurt, Thuringia, on 21st April 1864, Max Weber was the eldest son of Max Weber Senior and Hellen Fallenstein Weber. Suffering from meningitis at the age of four, Max Weber adopted reading as his past time which developed his academic strength at a young age (Secher 1980). Max Weber studied at the University of Heidelberg in the year 1882, specializing in the subject of Law. However, his education was disrupted while volunteering for military training as an Officer. In 1884, he resumed his education and graduated in 1890 (Secher 1980). He took up an offer at Freiburg University as an Economic Professor in 1894, a year after his marriage with Marianne Schniger, the grand niece of Max Weber, Senior. Ironically, Weber was haunted by a long term psychiatric breakdown and withdrew from work during the peak of his career as in 1897(Gerth & Mill 1982). Although psychologically disturbed, Weber inherited a vast amount of wealth from his deceased father (Secher 1980). The monetary gains enabled Weber to recuperate from his conditions along with the time and space to develop one of his academic masterpiece, â€Å"The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism† in 1904, which contested on the relevance of capitalism in the absence of spiritual belief (Gerth & Mill 1982). Max Weber died of pneumonia in Munich, on 14 June, 1904. However, he kept the world in awe with the introduction of Bureaucracy. A term which was quoted from his work â€Å"Economy and Society† published by Marianne in 1922; which advocated logical and scientific research methodology known as ‘rationalisation’ (Casteel 2009). Bureaucracy was originated from his skeletal invention of a system of management hierarchy while institutionalising a series of hospitals during World War I, of which; in hope to remedy the inequality of hereditary su ccession and the abused of authority within the German empire (Gerth & Mill 1982). Influences: Political and Social Factors Hegelian philosophy had been the German paradigm for centuries, originated from Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel who advocated that Nations could only be prosperous when the state, the civil society and its citizens are managed with strong moral principles (Pippin, Hoffe & Walker 2004). Despite the grand notion, the Hegelian society became a system of corruption and abused, under the governance of the aristocrats. Defunct and degenerative, its relevance was threatened in the 19th century by the evolution of socialism. Unlike the Hegelian society, the mission of the modern socialism is to serve beyond self-interest, while promoting its non-affiliation between a society and its state; which resonated with the oppressed peasants and middle-classes of Germany (Steinmetz 1993). The problem was further intensified by the ruling of Kaiser William ll, whose political interests polarized from Bismarck’s political philosophy which has served as a political stabiliser in Germany (Burbank & Cooper 2010). During his reign, the Kaiser had developed his policies through public image and popular opinion of the Germans. Unfortunately, the approach proved to be unwise, given the autocratic nature of Kaiser William the II, policy making became a game of propaganda to glorify him along with the riddance of any negative publicity or criticism directed at the imperial family (Kohut 1991). Inspired by modern socialism and disappointed with the Kaiser’s and nobilities’ myopic view on politics, Max Weber began to question on the effectiveness of hereditary succession in political power versus meritocracy. In association with his first hand experienced on bureaucracy, Weber began to infuse it with the theory of Charismatic Leadership; where visionaries should be appointed as leaders and serve the nation, with an alteration to the original concept: that leaders should be elected based on merits and not chosen by birth (Wren & Bedian 2009). Economics Factors In the late 19th century, industralisation began to take flight across the western part of the world; however European industrialising nations failed to capture the economic advantages brought about by machinisation (More 2000). France was an exception who experienced spurring growth at the point of time in conjunction with the United State of America (USA). An economist by profession, Max Weber observed that the theory of capitalism and free competitions advocated by Adam Smith was the key for the two nations’ success (Gerth & Mill 1982). In 1904, Max Weber visited the USA on a mission to understand the true essence of capitalism, and noticed that Americans relied excessively on the convenience of technologies for profit generation; that moral ethics began to dissipate in the society (Gerth & Mill 1982). It was the fear of the dissipation which triggered Weber to theorise â€Å"The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism† to address the underlying moral hazards b rought about by technologies, in the absence of spiritual faith (Wren & Bedian 2009). Intellectual Factors John Calvin’s philosophy for Protestant reformation had been one of the rare ideologies which Max Weber adopted in his publications. The underlying reason for Weber to adopt Calvinism; which promotes economic growth and the specialization of labour under the context of the Protestant teachings (Wren & Bedian 2009), was associated with Max Weber’s mother, Hellen Fallenstein Weber. Being a strong proponent on humanitarian issues and the faith of a Protestant, Hellen had been the mentor of Weber in issues related to liberalism and spirituality (Gerth & Mills 1982). Hence, Weber’s choice of religious philosophy and his publication of â€Å"The Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism† can be seen as a form of tribute to Hellen, in recognition for the undying care and love for her eldest son. Any educated German of the 19th Century would have read the two most important works of the century: â€Å"Communist Manifesto† and â€Å"Capital† writ ten by Karl Marx. In summary, what Karl Marx was trying to advocate is the forsaking of self-interest among entrepreneurs and workers in their quest for monetary profits, instead both parties should collaborate as a collective unit in achieving communal benefits where a man’s gain will not be another man’s loss (Patterson 2009). During the period where destitute and suffering prevails, the Utopian theory of Marxism were alluring to the masses; including Weber. However, given his critical nature, Weber discovered the fundamental flaws of generalisation in Marxist’s theories; the absence of actual steps to achieve the desired outcome. With the intention to prove the functionality of Karl Marx’s theory, Weber began to formulate concrete steps to identify individuals’ motivations at work and suggestions on how to improve the societal well being (ed. Wiley 1987) which are reflected on his publication of â€Å"Economy and Society† Relevance to Management Today In the 21st century, bureaucracy has become the corporate culture of large organisations. The system has been a darling in the business arena due to the ease of its implementation, which readily provides a hierarchical framework for governance. Albeit its popularity, formal communication has always been a problem associated with bureaucracy (Wallace 1998). According to Welch (2005, p. 115), ‘hierarchies tend to make little generals out of perfectly normal people who find themselves in organisations that respond only to rank’. However, the underlying problem of bureaucracy is never with the theory itself, but rather the failure of modern managers to rationalise that the system are built upon human relationship. In order to resolve the existing problem, one have to understand that business management is not solely about delegating task and supervision of the employees under a stipulated framework. Instead, success is greatly dependent on ‘who manages and motivates’ the employees (Drucker 2006, p. 56). With reference to Drucker (2006, p. 60), ‘Employees may be our greatest liability, but people are our greatest opportunity.’ The ideology was well adopted by Anita and Gordon Roddick of â€Å"The Body Shop†, who had successfully unleashed the potential of their workers; with the creation of a strong sense of belonging and camaraderie; resulted from the company strong mission and values which focuses on human relations (Tomer 1999). Therefore, one could contest that the success of a manager, are associated with his or her foresight to set visions and missions. Followed by the ability to garner support from the worker and lastly to motivated them in achieving the objectives. In relation to Max Weber’s theory, the idea is what we known as charismatic leadership. Although charismatic leadership has been the ideal form of management style, researchers of organisational behaviours have noticed that it may not be the best approach for adoption. The reason for such an argument is that charismatic leaders are rare gems within the labour market. In order to resolve the issue, a modified version of charismatic leadership known as transformational leadership was introduced as the new frontier. Unlike charismatic leadership, transformational leadership is a set theory which focuses on how different leaders lead and inspire (Mcshane and Travagoline 2007), which are widely used to developed business leaders of tomorrow. Conclusion In retrospect, Max Weber’s penetrative ability to analyse human behaviours, is the reason for his theories to remain highly relevant and widely adopted by modern managers of today. However, as discussed earlier, the theories must not be seen as separate and independent entity. Instead, managers must first understand the nature of Weber’s theories in relation to their respective organisations. Followed by the need to anticipate and rationalise the possible problems that might arise from the application. Only then, may the managers tailor a set of solutions in accordance to the existing need and requirements of the organisations. Reference List Burbank, J & Cooper, F 2010, Empires in World History: Power and the Politics of Difference, Princeton University Press, New Jersey. Casteel, P.D 2009, ‘Weber and rationalization’, Research Starters Sociology, pp. 1-5. Drucker, PF 2006, Classic Drucker, Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation, Massachusetts. Gerth, HH & Mills, CW 1982, From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall Kohut, TA 1991, Wilhelm II and the Germans: A Study in Leadership, Oxford University Press, New York, viewed on 10 February 2011, Marx, K 1970, German Ideology, The Electric Book Company Ltd, London, viewed 9 February 2011, McShane, S & Travagoline, T 2007, Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim, McGraw Hill Australia Pty